History of
Bhavnagar Port
Establishment and Early Era
Founded by Maharaja Bhavsinghji in 1743 near Vadava village, Bhavnagar grew into a key port on the Arabian Sea. By the mid-18th century, it was trading with Southeast Asia, Africa, Arabia, and the Red Sea. Bhavnagar soon became a thriving commercial hub, exporting agricultural products and textiles, and over the next two centuries, it established strong international trade ties with markets in Mozambique, Zanzibar, Singapore, and the Persian Gulf for nearly two centuries.
Modernisation and Development
In the 1930s, Bhavnagar Port underwent major modernization under the Port Officer, Mr. J. Johnston. This included new wharfs, warehouses, and railway connections to boost efficiency and capacity. However, severe silting issues led to the construction of a new port about 8 km south of the original site in the 1950s, which continued to be a crucial trade gateway. A significant advancement came in 1963 with the development of the Bhavnagar lock gate, an engineering marvel that allowed ships to remain afloat during low tides, enhancing operational reliability.
Expansion and Growth
In 1933, Bhavnagar Port officially opened to ocean traffic with the arrival of the S.S. Jala Durga from Scindia Steam Navigation Co. The port was inaugurated by Lord Willingdon, then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, on December 19, 1933. In its first year, the port handled 130,000 tons of traffic, with exports of 120,000 tons and imports of 10,000 tons. Exports included manganese ore and groundnuts, while imports featured rice, flour, tiles, and other goods, initially transported by bullock carts. During World War II, the port gained military significance, highlighting its strategic value. Post-war and after India’s independence, Bhavnagar Port underwent significant development under the country’s five-year plans, with substantial investments to enhance its infrastructure.
The Major Port Era
From its modest start with three berths and an annual traffic of 130,000 tons, Bhavnagar Port has grown to 24 berths and a throughput of 65 million tons annually. Its administration evolved through various Government of India departments before being transferred to the Port Trust in February 1964 under the Major Port Trusts Act of 1963. This transformation from a small trading post to a major port strikingly reflects Bhavnagar’s significant role in India’s maritime history and its continued importance in facilitating regional and global trade.
